ICAO 9924 - Aeronautical Surveillance Manual: 2020 [paper]

There have been increasing demands for more operating flexibility to improve aircraft efficiency and to reduce the impact of air travel on the environment. Aeronautical surveillance systems are major elements of modern air navigation infrastructure required to safely manage increasing levels and complexity of air traffic.

This manual has been updated by the Surveillance Panel (SP) as a reference document covering more recent and emerging techniques. The updated chapters provide the reader with a basic understanding of various systems and how they are used for air traffic surveillance while the updated appendices contain more detailed information on some of the specific systems and related topics. In the light of new developments and operational experience gained, the new edition provides new material, including practical guidance to help the reader understand the implementation of ground-based safety nets, I 090 MHz spectrum issues and proper management of 24-bit aircraft addresses associated with manned and unmanned aircraft.