ICAO 9157-4: 2021 [paper]

ICAO 9157-4: 2021 [paper]

Proper design and installation of visual aids are prerequisites for the safety of airport operations. Part 4 provides information on the characteristics of visual aids used at airports. Some of the topics covered are: functional requirements of visual ground aids; surface marking and markers; approach lighting systems; light characteristics for precision approach runways and taxiways; runway lead-in lighting systems; runway and taxiway lighting; surface movement guidance and control systems; taxiing guidance signs and obstacle lighting.